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Fjord

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Fjord  A diesel fuel spill from a ship that sank recently spreads to the Greenland fjord. About Fjord: A fjord is a long, deep, narrow body of water that reaches far inland. Fjords are often set in a U-shaped valleywith steep walls of rock on either side. Fjords are found mainly in Norway, Chile, New Zealand, Canada, Greenland, and the U.S. state of Alaska. How are Fjords Formed? Fjords have been shaped throughout the span of several ice ages by slow-moving glaciers. As the glacier moved, it cut away at the top layers of ice and into the sediment below.…

Exercise AIKYA

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Exercise AIKYA Recently, the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), in collaboration with the Southern Command of the Indian Army organised a two-day national symposium, ‘Exercise AIKYA’, on disaster management in Chennai. About Exercise AIKYA: Aikya, meaning “Oneness” in Tamil, reflects the exercise’s aim to integrate India’s Disaster Management community. It brought together key stakeholders from across Peninsular India to enhance disaster preparedness and response capabilities. The exercise witnessed participation from six southern states/UTs: Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, and Puducherry Key organizations involved : India Meteorological Department (IMD), National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC), Indian National Centre for Ocean…

Karam Festival 

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Karam Festival  Recently, tribal populations in many states of India celebrated the harvest festival of Karma or Karam Parv. About Karam Festival: Karma Puja, one of the most popular festivals, is related to the harvest and a tribute to the Karam tree. This tree symbolises fertility, prosperity and everything that is auspicious. Origin: The origin of the festival can be traced to the beginning of agriculture by tribal communities. How is it celebrated? About a week before the festival commences, young women bring clear sand from the river, in which they sow seven types of grains. On the day of…

Rapa Nui genomes

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Rapa Nui genomes Rapa Nui genomes restore the real history of an old, troubled people.  Rapa Nui genomes reveal the genetic history and population dynamics of Easter Island’s inhabitants. They help correct myths about ecological collapse, show real historical population changes, and provide insights into ancestry and external impacts on the island’s history. What Are Rapa Nui? The Rapa Nui, also known as the people of Easter Island, are Polynesians native to this remote island in the southeastern Pacific Ocean. Famous for their monumental stone statues called moai, they developed a complex society and culture. The Rapa Nui’s history includes…

Onitis bordati 

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Onitis bordati  Recently, researchers have identified a previously unknown dung beetle species, Onitis bordati, in the Nongkhyllem Wildlife Sanctuary in Meghalaya. About Onitis bordati: It is a dung beetle species belonging to the genus Onitis. Appearance: Males of most species have distinctive forelegs that are long, slender and curved, often with teeth or spines. The species belonging to the genus Onitis are tunnellers. Males of most species have distinctive forelegs that are long, slender and curved, often with teeth or spines. Dung beetle species were previously only found in Vietnam and Thailand. Ecological Significance: They are known for their ecological…

Nebula

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Nebula NASA recently captivated space enthusiasts with a breathtaking image of the Red Spider Nebula. About Nebula: A nebula is a giant cloud of dust and gas in space. Some nebulae (more than one nebula) come from the gas and dust thrown out by the explosion of a dying star, such as a Supernova. Other nebulae are regions where new stars are beginning to form. For this reason, some nebulae are called “star nurseries.” How do stars form in a nebula? Nebulae are made of dust and gases—mostly hydrogen and helium. The dust and gases in a nebula are very…

Nilgiri Mountain Railway 

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Nilgiri Mountain Railway  The Coonoor railway station which is part of the Nilgiri Mountain Railway (NMR) line is being completely transformed as part of the Amrit Bharat Station Scheme and is criticized by heritage train and history enthusiasts. About Nilgiri Mountain Railway: Location: The Railway line from Mettupalaiyam to Ooty is 45.88 km. long and lies partly in the Coimbatore District and partly in Nilgiri District of Tamilnadu, on the eastern slopes of the Western Ghats. It is fondly called the Ooty toy train of the Nilgiris Railway Company, first chugged up the hills on June 15, 1899. History: It…

Vertical fiscal imbalance

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Vertical fiscal imbalance Introduction to Vertical Fiscal Imbalance (VFI)       The 15th Finance Commission highlighted that States in India face a significant Vertical Fiscal Imbalance (VFI).       States incur 61% of the revenue expenditure but collect only 38% of the revenue receipts.       This imbalance means that States rely heavily on transfers from the Union government for their expenditures. Why VFI Needs Attention       Constitutional Division of Duties: The Union and State governments have constitutionally defined financial responsibilities. The Union government collects major taxes like Personal Income Tax and Corporation Tax, while States handle expenditures on publicly provided goods and…

Valley Fever 

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Valley Fever  Valley fever, a fungal disease endemic to the western United States, is seeing a significant rise in cases across California, prompting concerns among health officials and researchers. About Valley Fever:       Valley Fever, also called coccidioidomycosis, is an infection caused by the fungus Coccidioides.       The fungus lives in soil in some areas, including the southwestern United States and south-central Washington, as well as in parts of Mexico as well as Central and South America. Transmission:        People and animals can get Valley Fever by breathing in spores, generally from dust or disturbed soil, in areas where the…

Konyak Tribe

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Konyak Tribe  The Konyak Union, the apex body of the Konyak community, has sought the Nagaland government’s intervention in rectifying the “erroneous” boundary line between the State’s Mon district and Assam’s Charaideo district on Google Maps. About Konyak Tribe: The Konyaks can be found in the Mondistrict of Nagaland and also in the Tirap and Changlang districts of Arunachal Pradesh. The term ‘Konyak’ is believed to have been derived from the words ‘Whao’ meaning ‘head’ and ‘Nyak’ meaning ‘black’ translating to ‘men with black hair’. They can be grouped into two groups, namely “Thendu”, which means the “Tattooed Face” and…